Species and hybrid composition and genetic diversity of water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex) in western Ukrainian hemiclonal population systems

Background. Two species of water frogs, Pelophylax ridibundus and lessonae, their hybrid, kl. esculentus, are widespread in Ukraine. The purpose this study was to investigate the population structure various types hemiclonal systems (HPS) frogs formed due coexistence same territory. In Ukraine, a hybridization centre with spread triploid individuals hybrid nature has been identified. Triploid hybrids an intriguing research subject diverse hypotheses about origin role HPS. Outside Kharkiv Region, triploids not commonly found. our study, we describe initial findings specimens Lviv Region analyze genetic HPS where such were detected. Methods. total, 193 green collected between 2011 2015. Here present analysis which conducted using two microsatellite loci, Rrid059A RlCA1b5. A wide range software programs utilized for processing data, including GenePop 4.7.5, Micro-Checker NewHybrids 1.1. Results. Three identified: R-E type Perekalky Lake Pisochne, L-E Luky, R-E-L Nyzhankovychi, Velykyi Lyubin, Zhovtantsi Cholgyni. Additionally, mixed ploidy (diploids triploids) found Perekalky, Lyubin Zhovtantsi. Conclusions. Genetic diversity revealed variations number alleles per population. P. exhibited higher compared lessonae individuals, whereas showed intermediate diversity. Further investigations localities potential detected necessary assess survival reproductive determine all both marsh pool frogs.